Final Exam Review

On December 3, 2014, New York protesters lie on the ground in front of a police station after
 it was decided that the police officer who put Eric Garner in a chokehold would not be
indicted. The police put Garner in a chokehold after they told him of their suspicion
that he was selling loose cigarettes.

On December 5, 2014 one of NASA's Orion capsules takes off from Florida into the sky carrying
100 people in a pursuit to populate the moon. This endeavor would later prove unsuccessful, as the
rocket was being flown by a robot on Earth when it decided to plant itself on Saturn.

1. Rule of thirds- The focus of the photo is closer to one of the corners of the photograph than the center of it.

2. Balancing Elements- There are no elements in the photograph that overpower the rest of it, they are all balanced by some other element that is just as powerful. There is mot more weight on one side of the photo than the other.

3. Leading Lines- There are lines that draw your eye toward to focus of the photograph. For example, the lines of a road may draw your eyes towards a car that an advertiser wants you to buy. 

4. Symmetry and Patterns (repetition)- For patterns, there are patterns that repeat throughout the photo. For symmetry, if you are to split the photo down the middle then each half would be very similar to each other.

5. Viewpoint- Making sure that the position of the camera is at the best point in order to capture everything that is happening at the moment. Thinking about viewpoint can bring creativity into your photos.

6. Background- Finding a background for a photo that is not distracting and does not take attention from the subject. 

7. Create depth- Composing your photograph so that there are layers and visible points where there is depth. This can be done by overlapping or including objects in the foreground, middle ground and background. 

8. Framing- Using what is around you to "frame" your subject and draw attention.

9. Cropping- Getting rid of any noise that distracts from your subject by cropping it out.

10. Mergers and avoiding them- The overlapping of similar-looking objects that confuse the viewer. Mergers can also happen when important subjects are partially cut out of the photo. Both of these can be avoided by changing the position of your camera.

Aperture- The amount of light let through the lens and unto the film. 

Shutter Speed- How long the camera's shutter is open when capturing a photo. 

ISO- The measure of how sensitive the camera is to light. 

To me, the only changes that are ok are cropping and change of lighting. Nothing more. Changing things like actual features and weight are way over the line. I think it is disgusting that people change the way people's bodies actually look.

Environmental- A photo of someone in their normal living space.

Self- A portrait you take of yourself. 

Casual- A not-too-posed portrait

Exposure- "the amount of light per unit area"

Depth of field- "the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image."

Focal length-"a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light."

Cover Types

Early- No photograph, usually has a drawing. Many of the covers had a table of contents, a title and publication data.

Poster- Most of the cover is a photograph and there is very little text besides a title and maybe a cover line.

Married to type- A good amount of cover lines that do not intrude the photograph. They are placed so that they do not draw attention from or cover the subject of the photo.

 Forest of words- LOTS of vivid text, often intruding the photograph. Draws the eye.