Final Exam Extra Credit

1. The man in the photograph was hit and killed by a subway when he was pushed onto the tracks by a panhandler. A freelance photographer was able to take the photograph while trying to get the attention of the subway operator by using the flash on his camera.

2. The photographer said he took the photo while attempting to catch the attention of the subway operator with the flash on his camera.

3. I think that this was an instant that was a pure stroke of luck. It probably would have been better for him to continue helping the man instead of trying to get the attention of the operator because the subway probably could not have been able to stop in time anyway. If I had taken the photo, I would have deleted it straight after instead of having it published. I feel that it is disrespectful to share a photograph of someone a moment before death.

4. No, the photographer did not do the best in this situation. He should have kept trying to save the man.

5. I strongly disagree with the decision to publish the photo on the front of magazine. The death of a man should not be used to sell copies of the New York Post.

6. In photojournalism, I believe it is important to capture life as it happens, but in this case the photographer should have put down his camera and continue to help the man. If a person is about to die you do not take a photo of it on purpose, you help.

7. I do not believe that it is ethical for a photojournalist to involve themselves in the situation they are photographing because their aim should be to photograph what is happening in life without their interference.

8. Photographers should always avoid influencing events as they happen only if nobody is about to die. I feel that a good photograph is worth giving up if it means one life saved.

9. The most appropriate response to a photographer in this situation: Put down the camera and help the poor guy!!!

Final Exam Review

On December 3, 2014, New York protesters lie on the ground in front of a police station after
 it was decided that the police officer who put Eric Garner in a chokehold would not be
indicted. The police put Garner in a chokehold after they told him of their suspicion
that he was selling loose cigarettes.

On December 5, 2014 one of NASA's Orion capsules takes off from Florida into the sky carrying
100 people in a pursuit to populate the moon. This endeavor would later prove unsuccessful, as the
rocket was being flown by a robot on Earth when it decided to plant itself on Saturn.

1. Rule of thirds- The focus of the photo is closer to one of the corners of the photograph than the center of it.

2. Balancing Elements- There are no elements in the photograph that overpower the rest of it, they are all balanced by some other element that is just as powerful. There is mot more weight on one side of the photo than the other.

3. Leading Lines- There are lines that draw your eye toward to focus of the photograph. For example, the lines of a road may draw your eyes towards a car that an advertiser wants you to buy. 

4. Symmetry and Patterns (repetition)- For patterns, there are patterns that repeat throughout the photo. For symmetry, if you are to split the photo down the middle then each half would be very similar to each other.

5. Viewpoint- Making sure that the position of the camera is at the best point in order to capture everything that is happening at the moment. Thinking about viewpoint can bring creativity into your photos.

6. Background- Finding a background for a photo that is not distracting and does not take attention from the subject. 

7. Create depth- Composing your photograph so that there are layers and visible points where there is depth. This can be done by overlapping or including objects in the foreground, middle ground and background. 

8. Framing- Using what is around you to "frame" your subject and draw attention.

9. Cropping- Getting rid of any noise that distracts from your subject by cropping it out.

10. Mergers and avoiding them- The overlapping of similar-looking objects that confuse the viewer. Mergers can also happen when important subjects are partially cut out of the photo. Both of these can be avoided by changing the position of your camera.

Aperture- The amount of light let through the lens and unto the film. 

Shutter Speed- How long the camera's shutter is open when capturing a photo. 

ISO- The measure of how sensitive the camera is to light. 

To me, the only changes that are ok are cropping and change of lighting. Nothing more. Changing things like actual features and weight are way over the line. I think it is disgusting that people change the way people's bodies actually look.

Environmental- A photo of someone in their normal living space.

Self- A portrait you take of yourself. 

Casual- A not-too-posed portrait

Exposure- "the amount of light per unit area"

Depth of field- "the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image."

Focal length-"a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light."

Cover Types

Early- No photograph, usually has a drawing. Many of the covers had a table of contents, a title and publication data.

Poster- Most of the cover is a photograph and there is very little text besides a title and maybe a cover line.

Married to type- A good amount of cover lines that do not intrude the photograph. They are placed so that they do not draw attention from or cover the subject of the photo.

 Forest of words- LOTS of vivid text, often intruding the photograph. Draws the eye. 

Magazine Cover

Married to type

                                             

Portrait and Self-Portrait

Portrait of Emily Mcclanahan

Self-Portrait (uncropped)

Rules of Photography Part II

Theme- Black and White photography

Depth
source

Symmetry

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Rule of Thirds

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Framing

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Leading lines

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Viewpoint

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Background
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Cropping
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Balancing Elements
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Merger
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Magazines Part II

Four common types of magazine covers are early magazine covers, the poster cover, pictures married to type, and in the forest of words. One of the main components of early magazine covers is that there isn't the kind of cover we are used to now. Many had the table of contents on the front, while others had an illustration and title. Poster covers usually only have a photograph or piece of art and the title. There are no cover lines or themes. Next, pictures married to type. These magazine covers are usually a photo of a person, almost full body with part of them covering the title at the top. There is lots of text describing what is in the magazine, placed in relation to the model and the background. Last but not least, in the forest of words. These magazine covers usually consist of lots of cover lines and cover art. Text plays a very large role in these covers, often invading the space of the photograph. 

Fashion Photography

In the first video, the photo-editors did these things:

- Made the model's neck longer
- Made her lips larger
- Thinned her neck
- Enlarged her eyes
- Brought down her shoulders


In the second video, the photo editors did these things:

- Made the model's lips open and more pink
- Lightened the model's skin tone
- Enlarged her eyes
- Changed her eye color
- Cut skin from her ribs
- Made her legs longer
- Made her calves thinner
- Made her face thinner
- Lengthened her neck

In the third video, the photo-editors did these things:

- Made the model thinner all over
- Thinned her waistline
- Erased all lines
- Straightened her posture
- Made her breasts much smaller
- Gave her longer hair


1. No, it is not ethically acceptable to alter one's appearance like they did in these videos.
What the final photo of these videos is is not true. It is a lie, tricking viewers into seeing it as a real expectation. People need to stop taking photos and editing them. True photographers find beauty in the world around them, beauty that they leave untouched.

2. It would be more ethically wrong to do this kind of manipulation if these photos were on the front of magazines.

3. To me, the only changes that are ok are cropping and change of lighting. Nothing more. Changing things like actual features and weight are way over the line.

4. Fashion photography is different from photojournalism because in photojournalism, you capture what is really going on in life at the moment… You do not go back to the studio and edit the photographs afterwards to fit to the ideal appearance.

5. Photojournalism has more of a connection with real life because a photojournalist's job is to go out and take photos of what is going on today. In fashion photography, you try to sell a product, and in order to do so you need to make the viewers feel that they will look like the girl on the cover if they buy  it. This is unethical.

6. I think you are showing us these videos so that we recognize how different photojournalism is from different types of photography, and so that we see where we need to draw the line.

7. I think that none of these videos are about guys because women's bodies are often more objectified than men's (not saying that men aren't objectified) and that makes it easier to find what all women want to look like and make the model look that way.